Tie Rod PDF Print E-mail
Written by Lymperis   
Monday, 22 June 2009 13:51


Tie Rod for Structural Projects


This invention pertains to a tie rod for structural projects, which ensures protection of structures from wind and earthquake. Up to now, the efforts of structural sciences were focused on antiseismic protection of buildings and their protection from the wind. Efforts are focused on improvement of the ground, improvement of construction materials and improvement of concrete and iron under the American and German structural regulation. All these are good for structures but they lack a basic element. And that is that structures are not glued to the ground and therefore they can move during an earthquake, they can break and they can fall because of the wind. With the side forces applied by an earthquake or the wind the building is raised from the one side and tilts towards the other. This means that the front sections of the building that are tilted cannot carry the weight of the back side of the building and support the whole weight. The result is that girders are caused to break and the building collapses. The other problem is that concrete that is used as the main structural material in the construction of frames can not withstand the tension even though it withstands compression well. Therefore, as the back side of the building is raised, strong tension and torque forces are formed which result in collapse. In frame buildings, torque depends on two other forces: tension and compression. During an earthquake, on multiple-story buildings the last slab, the middle one and the first one suffer different torque forces and forces in the shape of an 'S' are applied on the building, which are reverse and opposite to one another. There is a staged resonance increase of these forces and the building collapses. This invention aims to the maximum and even zero minimization of these problems so that structures do not collapse. According to the invention: this is achieved by applying a prestress force. Prestress is achieved by applying a tensioning force on the building performed from the top of the column to the ground. The tie rod for structural projects undertakes to apply this tensioning force on vertical support elements. Thus, we fix the whole building on the ground. In order to achieve this pull we must first drill holes at the main construction points, such as the bed plates of the frame. Later we plunge the tie rod with the help of a steel cable connected to its end. By pulling the cable upwards, a mechanism opens the blades of the tie rod and therefore the one side is fixed to the ground. The other side we pass through a plastic pipe so that the cable does get not fixed when the concrete is poured. When construction of the frame is finished, we connect the protruding cable to the tensioning bolt. As we turn the bolt a compression force is exerted towards the ground since the other end of the cable is fixed to the ground. The result is that the bed plates get fixed to the ground. In this way, during an earthquake or side wind forces the bed plates do not jump up or move. And thus, the reason they usually break is avoided. Second, the concrete tensioning strength is increased due to the compression applied on the column by the tie rod. And thus, the second reason that columns break is avoided. Third, if the construction has a single base, which is supported on rubber on individual bed plates and the help of the tie rod, then the building has a vertical micro-movement and at an axis equal to the ground surface with no change on the building's horizontal axis. Because the change in the shape of the straight line of the vertical and horizontal axis of the building and change of the vertical 90° relation of the two axis are responsible for the dual forces and tensions that cause buildings to collapse: and the construction relation above is decreased. The rubber between the single base and the individual bed plates contribute against shocks and absorb ground movement as well as the impact of columns on the ground.